PCB Assembly
Machines for populating boards with components in the lab β useful for prototypes and small batches when you don't outsource to a fab. See also PCB Design.
The SMT assembly chainβ
- Stencil printer / solder-paste jig β apply solder paste through a stainless stencil onto the pads.
- Pick-and-place (P&P) machine β places SMD components onto the paste from reels/trays using vision alignment.
- Reflow oven β heats the board through a temperature profile so the paste melts and solders all joints at once.
Machines & toolsβ
| Tool | Role |
|---|---|
| Stencil printer | Repeatable solder-paste application |
| Pick-and-place machine | Automated component placement (speed + accuracy) |
| Reflow oven | Controlled reflow soldering profile |
| Reflow hot plate | Small/single-sided boards, quick reflow |
| Hot-air rework station | Place/remove individual SMD parts |
| Wave/selective soldering | Through-hole at volume (advanced) |
Hand vs. machine
For one or two prototypes, a stencil + hot plate/hot air is often enough. Reach for pick-and-place + reflow when placing many parts or building several boards. See PCBA tips in From Design to Delivery.
Profiles & paste
Follow the solder paste's reflow profile (preheat β soak β reflow β cool) and store paste correctly. A bad profile causes cold joints, tombstoning or damaged parts.