CNC & Laser
Subtractive machines that cut material away to shape parts, and laser machines that cut or engrave.
CNC machines​
| Machine | Cuts | Typical materials |
|---|---|---|
| CNC router | Large, lighter cuts | Wood, acrylic, foam, soft metals |
| CNC mill | Precise, rigid | Aluminum, steel, plastics |
| CNC lathe | Turned (round) parts | Metal/plastic rods |
| Desktop CNC | Small parts, PCB isolation milling | PCB, plastics, soft metals |
- Workflow: CAD → CAM (toolpaths) → G-code → machine. Choose the right bit/feeds/speeds for the material.
Laser cutter / engraver​
- Cut & engrave acrylic, wood, leather, paper; engrave (and some cut) metals depending on laser type.
- COâ‚‚ lasers for non-metals; fiber lasers for metal marking.
- Fast for 2D panels, enclosures, front plates and labels.
Related​
- Vinyl cutter — stickers, stencils, flexible-film cutouts.
Serious hazards
- Eye/skin protection for lasers; never bypass interlocks; lasers need fume extraction (and can ignite material — never leave unattended).
- CNC: secure workpieces, keep clear of spindles/bits, wear eye protection, manage chips/dust.
- See Lab Rules & Safety and get trained before first use.